What is a morgue?
Cold storages are one of the most basic components of the agricultural, food and pharmaceutical industry. A cold compartment that helps food, medicine, and perishables can be stored for a long time and will maintain
its original quality. This causes the waste of agricultural, food and pharmaceutical industries to be minimized and has helped these industries a lot, cold storages are produced in many types. In this article, we are going to provide information about cold storage above zero and below zero.
A brief introduction to the mortuary
As we mentioned in the previous posts about the production method and the general structure of the cold store, there are many food items, including fruits, vegetables, poultry meat, red meat, and all products that spoil quickly and change their texture and structure. They can be stored in the refrigerator for a long time. The compartment or room in which food or medicine remains under the necessary and optimal temperature and prevents it from spoiling is called a cold room.
With the help of special equipment built inside, the cold room reduces the temperature to the optimal level and keeps it constant. Usually, this temperature varies according to the internal products. In this way, the products are placed inside the cold room and keep their texture. And it does not spoil.
Most cold stores use a cooling system called compression refrigeration to create the right temperature. The way these cold stores work is mostly the compression system, but the volume and capacity of these cooling equipments are usually different. As an example, an article was previously reviewed in relation to this issue, which proves that freezers and industrial refrigerators benefit from the condensation refrigeration system.
Cold stores are divided into several categories based on the way they work or the type of product, and here we are going to examine them based on the type of temperature, that is, cold stores above zero and cold stores below zero.
1. Cold houses above zero
2. Cold houses below zero
Temperature means the effective temperature for storing materials. Each of these above-zero and below-zero cold houses has a special use.
Cold houses above zero: Cold houses often use the condensation refrigeration cycle for the cooling operation. The performance of these systems is such that it has reduced the ambient temperature and kept it a few degrees above zero at the optimal level and will not exceed this limit, which is usually used to store fruits, vegetables, pharmaceuticals, and even dairy products and refrigerated packaging products. which do not need to be created is maintained.
For example, the storage conditions for grapes are between 0 and 5 degrees Celsius. For more information, you can use the vegetable and fruit storage table.
The system used in cold storages above zero is a compression refrigeration system. These systems consist of 4 basic parts that change the state of the liquid substance called refrigerant, and thus the high temperature of the cold room is transferred to the outside. The condensation refrigeration cycle is as follows
1. Compression: In this step, the refrigerant fluid is compressed by the compressor and a lot of pressure is imposed on it, and distillation takes place at a high temperature.
2. Condensation: In the second stage of the refrigerant liquid in the condenser, the temperature is reduced and condensation takes place. Condensers of above-zero cold stores are often air-cooled.
3. Expansion: in the third stage, the refrigerant drops through the expansion valve and the pressure decreases, then it evaporates at the low temperature of the cold room.
4. Evaporation: The last step of this cycle is the evaporator, which is usually installed in the cold room. In this part, the hot air of the cold room is absorbed by the refrigerant and evaporates, thus the air is released.
This model of cold storage is used for storing food, protein, storage, and also storing agricultural products and fruits. It is often used in stores, hypermarkets, and restaurants. Another one of the most used cold storage above zero in pharmaceutical sources is called A cold room is a cold room. The temperature of the cold room is between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. The temperature range of cold storages above zero is between 1 and 6 degrees Celsius.
Types of cold storage above zero in terms of structure
Small cold rooms: These cold rooms are usually used to store food and protein in hypermarkets and grocery stores, and even distribute refrigerated and protein products that can be placed in the kitchen or even catering. The food in these refrigerators is short and is often used for short-term storage.
Container refrigerators or connexions: Container refrigerators are usually set at temperatures below zero and can be used for long-term storage of food on ships or even oil platforms. The normal dimensions of container refrigerators are 20 feet or 40 feet. be If the cold storage room is of the connexion type, there is no limit to the dimensions and size. Both container cold storage models and connexion cold storages have the possibility of creating above zero and sub zero cold storages.
Subzero freezers
A huge amount of food is not suitable for storage at a temperature above zero and must be stored at a temperature below zero because it may lose its texture and structure and become rotten. Therefore, it is necessary to keep it in sub-zero temperature conditions. Often, these cold rooms are used in stores or hypermarkets to store and store meat and protein ingredients. In ice cream shops, small cold rooms are used to store ice creams.
If the same freezers are used on an industrial scale in ice cream or frozen meat factories, they are called sub-zero cold stores. The types of sub-zero industrial cold stores are generally divided into three categories in terms of dimensions and efficiency mechanism.
1) Portable refrigerator: this model of refrigerators has a temperature below zero, and due to its portability, it can be moved, and most of them are limited in size.
2) Canopy or compartment cold storage: this model does not have any size and dimension limitations and is often used in very large stores and is widely produced in the industry.
3) Room or shed cold storages: they are usually made of prefabricated walls and are equipped with cooling equipment and the inner walls are insulated.
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